Planning and Sustainable Development

Planning and Sustainable Development

Planning is very much essential for any kind of activities and sustainable development is also a part of development. India has large number of population and it has very less amount of resources. Hence, planning as well as sustainable development is very essential.

India is very vast country and different part of our country has different levels of development. Therefore, some particular area needs more development.

• Target area planning – areas are under taken for planning. Like, HADP (Hill Area Development Programme).
• During the period of 5^th ‘Five Year Planning’ HADP initiated to develop some less developed hills area. Like hilly areas of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu etc. comes under this programme.
• Development of horticulture, plantation farming, poultry farming, forestry, small and village industries should be encouraged under this HADP scheme.
• DPAP – Draught prone area programme initiated during 4^th ‘Five Year Planning’ to solve some basics problems of draught prone area. Like development of agriculture, afforestation, grassland development, electricity, road, market etc.
• Planning commission of India identified about 67 flood prone districts and trying to solve their different kind of problems.
• Bharmaur area of Himachal Pradesh is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’ tribes. This tribal area is socially and politically isolated. Then, under 5^th ‘Five Year Planning’ this area comes under consideration to solve their problems.
• Sustainable development or eco-friendly development is really very essential.
• The publication of ‘The Population Bomb’ by Ehrlich (1968) and ‘The Limits of Growth’ by Meadows (1972) focused on the emergence of new model of development ‘Sustainable development’.

• Brundtland commission report – ‘Our common Future’ in 1987.

• ITDP stands for Integrated Tribal development programme. Read more..

Above mentioned points are very important for solving multiple choice questions in the examination. Just remember that if you develop your idea about any topic, you can solve each and every or any type of questions in the examination hall.

Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

1. Economic development of a region depends upon its resource base, apart from it which Which of the following factors is important for the development ? (Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context)
a. Hard working and skilled labour
b. Technology and investment
c. Motivated citizens
d. Will power of citizens
Ans. (b)
2. Which of the following programs was initiated during the Fifth Five Year Plan ?
a. Drought Prone Area Programs
b. Infrastructural Development Programs in Tribal and Backward Region
c. Hill Area Development Programs
d. Marginal Farmers Development Programs
Ans. (c)

3. According to The National Committee on the Development of Backward Area in 1981, which of the following areas be treated as backward hill areas? (Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context)

a. All the areas in the country having height above 600 meters.
b. Areas do not covered under tribal sub-plan.
c. Areas having the height of 900 meters and where tribal sub-plan is already implemented.
d. Only (a) and (b).
Ans. (d)
4. Which of the following programme is not associated with the development programme of hilly regions ?
a. Afforestation and Pasture lands development
b. Horticulture
c. Plantation agriculture
d. Animal husbandry and poultry

5. Which of the following problems have been emerged due to increasing population in Drought prone areas ?

a. Forcing the society to utilise the marginal lands for agriculture
b. Ecological degradation
c. Soil erosion
d. Only (a) and (b)
Ans. (d)
6. Which of the following is not a drought prone area ?
a. Western Madhya Pradesh
b. Western Ghats
c . Telangana Plateau
d. Gujarat
Ans. (b)
7. Which of the following strategies have been adopted to protect the drought prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and Northern Rajasthan ?
a. Expansion of irrigation
b. Rain water harvesting technique
c. Water shed development program
d. Arrangement of water tankers on rental basis
Ans. (a)

8. Which of the following commission is now responsible to formulate the plans on Central, state and state level ? (Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context)

a. Planning commission
b. Niti Aayog
b. Election commission
d. Public service commission
Ans. (b)
9. Niti Aayog is set up with which of the following objective ?
a. To provide strategic and technical advice to the Central and State government.
b. To involve the states in economic policy making in India.
c. For the equitable distribution of resources
d. Only (a) and (b)
Ans. (d)
10. Which of the following is not an example of sectoral planning ?
a. Agriculture
b. Hill Area Development
c . Irrigation
d. Social infrastructure

11. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of given options.

I. Sometimes regions having rich resource base also remain backward.
II. For economic development, technology and investment is also needed along with resources.
a. Only statement I is true.
b. Only statement II is true.
c. Both statement are correct. Statement II correctly explains I.
d. Both are true but not related with each other.
Ans. (c)
12. In which year, Bharmaur region was considered as notified tribal area ?
a. 1977 b. 1976
c. 1975 d. 1974
Ans. (c)

13. Which of the following tribal group is associated with Bharmaur region ? (Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context)

a. Gurjar
b. Gaddi
c . Bakarwal
d. Bhils
Ans. (b)
14. The economy of Bharmaur region is largely depend upon which of the following activities?
a. Agriculture
b. Sheep and goat rearing
c . Weaving of shawls
d. Only (a) and (b)
Ans. (d)
15. Which of the following rivers flows through Bharmaur region ?
a. Ravi
b. Beas
c . Chenab
d. Jhelum
Ans. (a)

16. Under which Five Years Plan, Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP)?

a. Fourth five Year Plan
b. Fifth five Year Plan
c . Sixth five Year Plan
d. seventh five Year Plan
Ans. (b)
17. Which of the following areas are the main beneficiaries of infrastructural development under Integrated Tribal Development Program?
a. Tundah and Kugti
b. Kugti and Khani
c . Holi and Khani
d. Holi and Kugti
Ans. (c)

18. Which of the following not the social benefit is of derived from ITDP?

a. Tremendous increase in literacy rate
b. Improvement in social sex ratio
c. Decline in child marriage
d. Abolition of dowry system
Ans. (d)
Q.19. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of given options;
I. Now the importance of pastoralism is declining in the economy of Bharmaur region.
II. At present only about one-tenth of the total household practice Transhumance in Bharmaur region.
a. Only statement I is true
b. Both statements are true and statement II correctly explains statement I.
c. Both statement are true but not related to each other.
d. Both statements are irrelevant.
Ans. (c)

Q.20 which of the following is not matched correctly ?

LIST I LIST II
a. The Population Bomb – Ehrlich
b. The Limit to Growth – Meadows
c. Growth and Equality – Mahatma Gandhi
d. Our Common Future – Gro herlam Brundtland
Ans. (c)
Q.21 Which of the following does not signify ‘Sustainable Development”correctly ?
a. Judicious use of resources
b. Meet the needs of present without compromising the future needs.
c. Protection of environment along with development
d. Resources should only utilise for future generations.
Ans. (d)

Q. 22. Which of the following twin environmental problems have emerged in Indira Gandhi Canal Command area?

a. Water logging and soil salinity
b. Soil alkalinity and soil erosion
c. Soil salinity and soil erosion
d. Water logging and soil erosion
Ans. (a)
Q.23. Match the List I with List II and choose the correct answer with the help of given
codes.
LIST I LIST II
I. Punjab 1. Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area
II. Himachal Pradesh 2. Nilgiri
III. Rajasthan 3. Bharmaur
IV. Tamil Nadu 4. Harike Dam
Codes- I II III IV
a. 1 2 3 4
b. 2 1 3 4
c. 4 3 1 2
d. 4 2 3 1
Ans. (c)

Q.24. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of given options;

I.,The traditional crops like, gram, bajra and jowar sown in Indira Gandhi Canal command area, have been replaced by wheat, groundnut, cotton and rice.
II. Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
a. Only statement I is true
b. Only statement II is true
c . Both statements are true
d. Both statements are incorrect
Ans. (c)
Q.25. Which of the following district is not included in Indira Gandhi Canal Comman area of stage -II?
a. Bikaner
b. Jodhpur
c . Jaisalmer
d. Ganganagar
Ans. (d)
Q.26. Which of the following district is not included in Indira Gandhi Canal Comman area of stage -I ?
a. Nagaur
b. Hanumangarh
c . Bikaner
d. Ganganagar
Ans. (a)

 

Q1. What do you understand by Planning?
Ans: Planning involves the process of thinking, formulation of a scheme or programme and implementation of a set of actions to achieve some goal.
Q2. Mention the issues included in the concept of development.
Answer: The issues included in the concept of development are as improving the well-being and living standard of people, availing of health, education and equality of opportunity and ensuring political and civil rights.
Q3. What is meant by “Target area”?
Answer: In order to arrest regional imbalance, schemes and programmes for the development of backward regions of India which needs special attention were introduced in the form of target area.
Q4.Name the two publications associated with sustainable development.
Answer: (i)The Population Bomb’ by Ehrlich in 1968.
(ii) The Limits to Growth’ by Meadows
Q5.What do you mean by regional planning?
Answer: Regional planning means formulation and implementation of schemes or programmes for the development of backward region to reduce regional imbalance in the development.
Q6. What do you mean by sectoral planning?
Answer: Sectoral planning means formulation and implementation of schemes or programmes for the development of various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, irrigation, power, manufacturing, construction, transport, communication, services and social infrastructure
Q7.Give examples of programmes directed towards the development of target area in the country.
Answer:
* Command Area Development Programme
* Drought-prone Area Development Programme
* Desert Development Programme
* Hill Area Development Programme
* The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers Development Agency (MFDA).
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS HAVING 3 MARKS EACH
Q1.What are the positive impacts of irrigation on Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
Ans. The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy and society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region both positively as well as negatively.
Positive effects:
1. There was transformation in the agricultural region in the economy.
2. The spread of canal irrigation has led to an increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
3. Earlier, only drought resistant crops like Bajra, guar, moong, gram etc. were grown. Now, other crops like cotton, groundnut, wheat, mustard and even rice are grown.
Q2.Define the concept of “Sustainable development”.
Ans. Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundt land Report:
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts:
* the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and
*the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.”
Q 3. Mention the important features of Drought Prone Area Programmes.
Answer: This programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan. Irrigation Commission (1972) introduced the criterion of 30 per cent irrigated area and demarcated the drought prone areas.
The objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets.
(I)This programmes laid emphasis on the construction of labour intensive civil works.
(II)Irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development and creation of basic rural infrastructure such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.
(III)Other strategies include adoption of integrated watershed development approach at micro level. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants and human population.
Q4.What are the positive and negative influences of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area Development Programme on the environment of the region?
Answer: The positive and negative, influences of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area Development Programme are as follows:
Positive:
(i)The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in transformation in agricultural economy.
(ii)Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
(iii)It has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems.
(iv)Traditional crops such as gram, bajra and jowar have been replaced by wheat, cotton, groundnut and rice.
(v)Intensive irrigation led to an increase in agricultural and livestock productivity.
Negative:
(i)The intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of waterlogging and soil salinity.
(ii)Soils are getting infertile and thus in the long run agriculture would be affected.
(iii)It has degraded the environment of the region hampering sustainability of agriculture.
Q5. What are the features of Indira Gandhi Canal Command area?
Answer: Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India.
* It originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert.
* Its total length is 9,060 km.
* It caters to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Ans. Following measures are suggested for the promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area:
1. There is an urgent need to strictly implement the water management policy.
2. Water intensive crops should be avoided and instead plantation crops such as Citrus fruits should be encouraged.
3. The CAD programmes such as lining of water courses, land development, and levelling and warabandi system (equal distribution of canal water in the command area of outlet) shall be effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss of water.
4. Efforts should be made to reclaim areas affected by water logging and soil salinity.
5. Afforestation, shelter belt plantation and pasture development are necessary for ecodevelopment.
6. For achieving social sustainability, land allotted with poor economic background should be given sufficient financial and institutional support so that they can cultivate their land in a proper way.
7. Other sectors of economy, in addition to agriculture, animal husbandry and allied activities, should be encouraged for attaining economic sustainability
Q2.Write short notes on drought-prone area programme. How does this programme help in the development of dry-land agriculture in India?
Ans. Drought-prone area programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan. It was designed to provide employment to the rural poor in drought prone areas and to mitigate the effects of droughts. The main emphasis is on integrated development of the area in relation to irrigation projects,land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development,rural electrification and programmes of infrastructure development. In 1967, Planning Commission of India identified 67 districts (entire or partly) of the country prone
to drought. In 1972, Irrigation Commission introduced the criterion of 30 per cent irrigated area and demarcated the drought prone areas. Most of the drought-prone areas in India are spread over semi-arid and arid tracts of Rajasthan Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh,
Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. This programme has played an important role in the development of dry land agriculture in India.
1. This programme was largely confined to the development of agriculture and allied sectors.
2. Emphasises given on the irrigation project in drought prone area programme and land development programme.
3.Integrated Watershed Development approach at micro level is adopted which will help in the storing of water for the irrigation during droughts.
4. There is urgent need to generate alternative employment opportunities in drought prone areas because even the marginal lands are being used for agriculture in view of the Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 4 / 4 increasing pressure of growing population. This is one of the primary causes of ecological degradation. The restoration of ecological balance should be the main objective of development of drought prone areas.
Q3. Which socio-economic benefits are being experienced by implementation of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur?
Answer: Two tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, namely Bharmaur and Holi were notified as a tribal area since 21 November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practise transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. It is one of the economically and socially backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Due to implementation of Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP), there have been tremendous socio-economic benefits,
Social Benefits:
(i)The most significant contribution of tribal subplan in Bharmaur region is the development of infrastructure in terms of schools, health care facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity.
• Tremendous increase in literacy rate (female literacy increase from 1.9% to 65%)
• Improvement in sex ratio.
• Decline in child marriage.
• Difference between males and females in literacy rate, i.e. gender inequality, has also declined.
Economic Benefits:
(i)The cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in Bharmaur region.
(ii)Now a few people practise transhumance because the importance of pastoralism is gradually declining. (About 1/10 household practises pastoralism)

CASE STUDY/SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS
Q1. Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option.
Q1. Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21 November 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and Economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing
Q1.1 What was the climatic conditions of Bharmaur?
Ans:Bharmaur has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment.
Q1.2 Write the name of main inhabitants of this region.
Ans: A tribal community named “Gaddi”.
Q1.3 What was the main occupation of Gaddis tribal community?
Ans: agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing.

 

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