Distribution of Ocean and Continents

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  • Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist – who put forth a comprehensive argument in the form of “the continental drift theory” in 1912.
  • According to Wegener, all the continents formed a single continental mass, a mega ocean surrounded by the same. The super continent and ocean means PANGAEA and PANTHALASSA respectively.
  • According to Wegener the super continent began to split up in about 200 million years ago.
  • Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses – Laurasia and Gondwanaland.
  • Jig saw fit idea presented by Bullard in 1964.
  • The coast line of South Africa and the South America are of the same age of the Jurassic period.
  • Placer deposit in Ghana coast and the Brazil plateau has similarities.
  • Convectional current theory – Arthur Holmes in 1930.

  • Sea floor spreading theory – Harry Hess in 1961.

  • In 1967, McKenzie, Parker and Morgan collected the available ideas and came out with another concept “Plate Tectonic”.
  • Cocos plate lies between Central America and the Pacific plate.
  • Nazca plate lies between South America and the Pacific plate.
  • Philippines plate lies between the Asiatic and the Pacific plate.
  • Fuji plate lies in the Noth East of Australia.
  • The best example of divergent boundaries is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
  • The location where sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone.
  • Slow plate movement – Arctic Ridge (less than 2.5cm/year).
    Fastest plate movement – West of Chile (more than 15cm/year).
  • About 140 million years before the present, the subcontinent was located as south as 50 degree latitude.
  • About 40 million years ago Himalayas formation started.

Geography As Discipline Multiple Choice Question

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